Blending Chemistry: Solutions & Mixtures
Solutions and mixtures explore the different types of combinations of substances, focusing on concepts like concentration and solubility, which reveal how materials interact and dissolve. Mixtures can be heterogeneous or homogeneous (solutions), with concentration measuring solute amounts in a solvent, and solubility determining how much solute can dissolve, providing key insights into chemical behavior and applications like creating beverages or medications.
Overview of Solutions & Mixtures
Solutions and mixtures are defined by their types, properties, and related concepts. Here’s the breakdown:
- Types of Mixtures: Heterogeneous mixtures with uneven distribution, and homogeneous mixtures (solutions) with uniform composition.
- Solutions: Homogeneous mixtures where a solute dissolves in a solvent.
- Concentration: The amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution, often expressed as molarity.
- Solubility: The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent under specific conditions.
Examples of Solutions & Mixtures
Types of Mixtures Examples
- Heterogeneous: Sand and water mix unevenly, with visible layers.
- Homogeneous (Solution): Saltwater mixes uniformly, appearing as one phase.
- Heterogeneous: Oil and water separate into distinct layers.
Solutions Examples
- Sugar dissolves in water to form a sweet solution.
- Carbon dioxide dissolves in soda, creating fizz.
- Ethanol mixes with water to form an alcohol solution.
Concentration Examples
- A 1 M NaCl solution has 1 mole of NaCl per liter of water.
- A 0.5 M glucose solution contains 0.5 moles per liter.
- A 2 M HCl solution means 2 moles of HCl per liter.
Solubility Examples
- Salt (NaCl) has a solubility of 36 g per 100 mL of water at 20°C.
- Sugar dissolves up to 200 g per 100 mL of water at room temperature.
- Oxygen's solubility in water is 0.004 g per 100 mL at 25°C.